National Cargo Airline - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2968 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Transport Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Airline Portfolio 1. Brief history. National Cargo Airline was established in 1993 by James Smith. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "National Cargo Airline" essay for you Create order The company started its operations from U.S. on May 20, 1994. The first operation was started overnight with Dassault aviation. The Dassault connected twenty five cities in U.S. At start, NCA (National Cargo Airline) provided services overnight and two-day package. However, few years after inception, the company faced financial difficulties. The crises were so severe that the company faced loss of almost one million USD in a month. At that time James somehow managed to arrange around $80 million from USAs risk venture capitalists. The company became the most highly financed new company in U.S history, in terms of venture capital. As time passed, NCA expanded its services to further 60 cities of United States. In 2003, the company also started to compete with the postal service of U.S and added document shipping in its portfolio. In 2006, its sales topped with $1 billion for the first time. National cargo Airline continued its expansion and started its services internationally with its hub at different countries. 2. Financial performance: Financial Performance for previous 10 years is presented in the table; The graphic presentation of the performance is satisfactory. Initially the firm faced issues but soon the position was recovered. 3. Route structure and airport hub strategies NCA fulfilled the carrier needs of its customers. Its customer base is not only U.S citizens but international customers as well. NCA flies to 60 domestic and 83 international destinations in 39 countries. There are different hubs and some airlines use only a single hub. These hubs are used for both passengers and cargo flights. A hub is more effective because it connects traffic more easily. Passengers want a one-stop route or a two stop routes. Point to point: It is a network system in which an airline focused on Origin and Destination traffic. In this model airline is more interested in transportation of low cost carriers from one city to another but it did not connect any other city through any point. Hub and Spoke It is a network system in which airline will not only plan transportation between two points but it also connects two distant cities via its hub. 4. Aircraft fleet management and selection Disruptions in operations causes complexity in routine processes. As a result of this disruption the cost per flight increases and effects passengers satisfaction. However, the important factors that causes deviation to planned flight schedule occur for one reason or another. NCA fleet scheduling and management system minimized the effects of flight disruptions. Latest software have been used to help the airline to quickly and effectively communicate the information with stakeholders within business. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Flight operations will keep the flight operation on track and will highlight the problems as early as possible. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Flight operations can be changed according to the needs of individual airline. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Flight operations will help the airline in following ways: It will reduce the effects of operational disruptions. It helps to improve aircraft utilization. It enhanced the operational efficiency. 5. Personnel issues Like every organization, the firm suffers with various issues related to personnel. Manpower management is required to achieve the optimum use of qualified pilot and cabin crew resources. This will ensure the cost minimization of overall crew resources and aligns the crew supply chain. The manpower management also ensures the robust system of crewing operations. One of the main feature of man power management is that it will help the company to response quickly to an airlines forward crew management. Manpower management helps the company to maximize crew efficiency. It ensures right number of qualified crew in right place at right time. It also reduces the efforts which are required in crew planning process. 6. Pricing schemes and fare wars NCAs main objective is to serve quality services at competitive rates. The pricing schemes depends upon following: U.S. Domestic rates U.S. Export rates Accessories charges Fuel and security surcharge The fuel price index is based on the methodology of fuel surcharge on a weekly assessment of average price per gallon of kerosene. The kerosene type jet fuel price is fixed by U.S. Gulf Coast spot market. 7. Marketing and distribution Now a days, the airline industry provides fast services and huge benefits to many other societies. So it is one of the most important industry which is supporting the internationalization and globalization. Following are some of the plans which are followed by NCA for marketing and distribution: Differentiation; NCA made its services more professional by providing three classes of its services. Social Media- NCA used social media to target its customers in a highly active way Marketing Campaigns- NCA launches a very competitive marketing campaign to compete with its rivals. It helps the company to expand its customer base by creating more value to its customers through diversified and effective services. 8. International operations The international operations at NCA ships 11.5 pounds packages pee day with the help of 18 international hub airports and local airports. Currently the company has robust international shipment network through which packages can be reliably and quickly shipped. Following are the international hubs that helps in distribution of packages throughout the worlds: London, England Newyark, NJ, USA Tokyo, Japan Paris, France Oakland, CA, USA These hubs reside in the influence zones and provide services to entire area. The company uses Zero Transshipments through which international hub packages are delivered directly to other international hub. 9. Cargo management To maximize the cargo revenue it is required that the company is matching its demand with its capacity efficiently. The company manages its cargo through following steps; Forecast the cargo sales to identify the up selling and cross selling opportunities. Plan the allotment of cargo to maximize the cargo profits by improved cargo space and profitability evaluations Increase the turnover of collection of inter billing through accounting tools Airport and Airspace Capacity Case Airport Capacity and Congestion: Now a days different airports face problems of hubs and network structure problem. Hubs are used for connecting traffic from different world origins. The problems at international level hubs is much more severe than local problems. Hub congestion causes many organizational breakdowns at airport like flight delays, cancellations etc. Airport capacity and congestion problems mainly arise due to growing demand of air travel. Air travel offers low cost carriers system and legacy carriers at competitive response. To meet this increasing demand expansion of airport capacity required a lot of physical constraints. Airports of different cities are hub centers as well as servers of large local markets. Neighboring countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ hubs face a lot of competition from each other. In order to assess the future demand for airport capacity, different network carriersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ strategies and alliances are needed to be taken into account. Different world markets faced different patterns of airport capacity demand in future. Thus the decision of expanding Londons airport mainly depends upon these future demand patterns which requires to fulfill the expansion needs in short, medium and long term. So, UK airport commission is considering to expand capacity at Heathrow (largest London airport) and replaced hub airport at Thames Estuary. Expanding the airport capacity in urban areas require a tradeoff between economic and environmental goals. Economic goal can be fulfilled by providing additional airport capacity which can be accessed by central business units. On the other hand environmental goals achieved by expansion of airport capacity away from population. Thus expansion of airport capacity requires: Development of new distant airport Expand the capacity by using innovative technologies. Splitting the two hubs through different techniques. Future Airport Demand: Aviation results show increased air travel signals which result in increased congestion and capacity problems. Thus the expansion requires long term planning and construction. Following are some of the consideration that must take into account, while planning for expansion: Analyzed the past growth drivers such as regulatory reforms, airline business models etc. Understand the link between long term trends of income, trade with oil prices. Access the historic link between income and air travel demand. Hub Economies: In order to get economic benefits from competitive airline networks, hub economies is one of the most important factor. Hubs provide high density at low cost to flow of passengers. It also ensures broader level of air service to less dense markets. For additional airport capacity, there are following investment implications: London has particularly strong local demand whereas expanding the airport capacity is based on an additional uncertain future demand. Hub economies provides a link between connectivity, economic benefits and additional airport capacity. Airline transportation is very much difficult to handle. It is an interactive system that consisted of vehicles, airports etc. The air transportation is evolved by incremental changes in technological and operational systems. U.S has always been a world leader in air transportation. The industry annually operates 63.1 million. It is forecasted that within 10 years, there will be 1.1 billion air travelers per year in London airports. Thus, this growth in travelers puts a lot of substantial pressure on airport infrastructure. Most of the airports faced congestion problems due to limited possibilities for expansion. Improvement in aircraft and air space system may not be sufficient to efficiently meet U.S. transportation need. The main area which is needed to be addressed is congestion management. Congestion management thus included new runways, improved technology and demand management in order to manage delays and congestion. Impacts of Airport Expansion: The impacts of air port expansion are beyond then economic impacts. The expansion plans most of the time received numerous social and environmental displeasure. Lawsuits are filled for the expansion of major airports. The main reason for filling suits are overriding local zoning rules and noise or air pollution. Following are the main issues in airport capacity expansion: Displacement and Compensation of people and businesses: The London airport expansion will cause the relocation of 5680 people including 2333 households. It also results in acquisition of 1900 residential property. The expansion also required 75 businesses to relocate. So in order to mitigate these disruptive effects, NCA planned to design a service for the education, information and responses of those affected people. Some homeowners will be forced for selling their property thus they will be not pleased with the airport expansion. Usually in such cases, it is required that the affected party will be compensated. These compensation are determined by the market forces. Sometimes the people think that buyout prices are quite low because the homes are near ro the airport expansion and will suffer noise pollution. Environmental Issues: Noise Airport expansion causes an additional noise pollution in the surrounding area of airport. Although some of the area is acquired by the airport for expansion but to the extent of residential area, it must face increased noise pollution. So it is required that these residents and home owners should be compensated. Possible Solutions: The increased amount of capital is required to expand the airport capacity. But there is another solution through which the capacity of airport can be expanded. This alternative solution recommends the efficient use of existing capital. This can only be possible through congestion-based pricing landing fees. The problem of airport congestion arises during peak hours because there are too many aircrafts operators who are waiting runways for use. The congestion based landing will make more efficient use of airport. In world, moat of the pending fees are depends upon aircraft size and runway capacity that is to be allocated to aircraft. Under this system, the air crafts completely ignores the cost which the society bears due to land at an already busy airport. With the help of congestion based pricing model, the owners will pay the landing fees based on the marginal damage that is suffered due to runway delay. The fees will be vary and depends upon the time of day. Another so lution to the airport congestion is route structuring. Through this technique the aircrafts will move from the traditional hub and spoke route structure. Due to route restructuring most of the hub and spoke will become a rolling hun where passengers will wait for planes to arrive instead of planes waiting for passengers. South west airline is one of the example which successfully launches the route structure and if NCA (National Cargo Airline) adopts this route structuring then there could be possibility of removal of congestion issues at hubs. Airline Performance Report 1. Current Airline Financial Performance: Currently almost 300,000 team members of NCA working tirelessly to serve customers. They are also creating value for share owners. FY 14 financial results showed an outperformed returns to investors. With almost 95 % world customers living out of U.S, NCA has been planning to expand in countries where there is chances of business growth. Strategic mergers and acquis itions, new hubs and customized services helps the company to strengthen the links between different emerging countries. This step will help the company to provide opportunities to customers. In April 2014, NCA opened advanced distribution center in Latin America. This hub provides trade and jobs opportunities to countrys economy. The new distribution center expands the range of solutions and provides more than 500 shipping locations for direct access to markets with in the country. It also results in fastest access to worldwide opportunities. In 2011, mergers in fast growing regions results in fairly two way trade between Mexico and U.S. This trade earned almost total $ 1 billion. NCA group operates across six continents of world. It has 75000 strong multinational team. During the financial year 2013-14, growth strategy includes 24 wide bodied air crafts. This results in 5.9 ton KM capacity. Nine new destinations have been opened in five contents and additional 164 thousand tons cargo carried 5.8 million more passengers than previous year. In 2014, company earned a profit of $ 3.3 billion showing a substantial 42.5% increase over last yearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s profit of $ 2.3 billion. Costs grew at a slower rate than revenue therefore it results in higher profit. The main factor of growth is lower unit costs and a stable yield on expanded capacity. Profit margin so improved by 4% and showed a positive result given expansion of airline capacity. In two years the airline capacity has been increased by 30%. Whereas operating profit showed a tremendous increase of almost 50%. Operating coat grew by 10% results n $78.4 million. This increase in coat is relatively less as compared to the revenue expansion. The main reason of this growth is due to weak currency exchange which had a positive impact on costs. Jet fuel cost is also lower than the capacity increase in the airline. The strategy of jet fuel prices has been paid off in the current year. The conti nuous assessment of global economy reflects a balanced risk which results in downside of historic high jet fuel price levels. NCA has been seen revenues which remains relatively flat such as $44.3 billion to $ 45.6. Although company always remain able to grow with net income from $ 1.6 billion. As a reduction in sales, the cost of goods sold also decreases from 75% to 72%. 2. Recommendations: Soon after the 2014 fiscal year the company started significant efforts to reduce cost in the segment of companys express. The efforts have been designed ro improve $1.5 billion profitability during the following three years. The company has planned ro achieve majority of benefits by fiscal year 2015. The company is also planning to improve information technology function to serve as a factor of reducing cost. Following are some of the plans through which the company can get maximum benefits: NCA has planned to earn $700 million targeted amount through domestic and international networks. The future plan also included replacement of 5000 delivery trucks. Through modernization of aircraft fleet, the company can earn $300 million and there is also a chance to gain $400 from back-office function consolidation. Consolidation of driving routes and domestic express pickups can contribute $10 billion saving Through European expansion, the yield management and pricing can get $150 million cost reduction. A voluntary buyout plan will help the company in cost reduction roughly by 40 % of the 3000 employees. Thus except all above positive points the company will have more pressure due to base erosion which will result in $ 1.6 billion annual saving. NCA will expand its international Express service more as compared to previous efforts. This will help the company to continue its growth. The international economy service contributed 15% annual gain in revenue whereas the international priority will be slightly declined. The company is planning to reduce its domestic cost network, fleet development and efficiency of staff functions. There are a lot of growth opportunity for NCA in IE, as it helps the company in diverting the freight to other networks. As customers are moving down the service ladder to lower yielding product, the product trade down in international express gained a hot topic. NCA decided to replace two of its Boeing 777s with smaller Boeing 766 for providing continued growth international like in Asia to U.S. This step will help the company to reduce jet fuel cost an d AA a result profit will be maximized. NCA is now a days competing with unites parcel service which performed frequently through large transit routes. So in order to compete the united parcel services, NCA needs a formal plan which will help to reduce cost of carrier in a best possible way 3. Future Forecast: In U.S. the growth trends shifting towards consumer now because of lower gas prices. Other factors such AA improved labor markets, purchasing power and incomes also support the current trend. The expected growth for real GDP is around 3% average for coming years. So this strong consumer demand will support business investment. Thus the increases demand will result in greater use of air travel. NCA is forecasting following demand trend which will boost up its sales revenue and as a result profit will be maximized. The graphical presentation of data is as follows; The trend line of profit of the firms is satisfactory. Firm is in firm position to expand its position and be the parts of new horizons.

The Flea Rhetoric and Poetry Mingling - 1180 Words

In John Donne’s poem, â€Å"The Flea†, Donne uses the conceit of the flea to contrast the insignificant size of the flea and the incredibly significant metaphor attached to the flea. The speaker of the poem is talking to a woman, trying to convince her into having sex with him outside of marriage. This poem can be broken into three stanzas, of nine lines each, utilizes the image of the flea to convey three main ideas: the first as a vessel where their essence mingles, second as the institution of marriage, and finally as an insignificant representation of honor which would have no effect on them. Donne’s hyperbolic use of the flea extends through the poem as a metaphysical conceit to convey a logical argument out of something seemingly†¦show more content†¦He warns the woman to not â€Å"[l]et†¦that self-murder added be,/And sacrilege, three sins in killing three†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , thus three sins would weigh on her. In killing the flea she metaphorica lly kills herself, the speaker, and killing their metaphorical marriage (which is only present within the flea) thus enacting blasphemously (Donne lines 17-8). The final stanza allows the reader and the woman to finally address the woman’s main concern: her innocence. A woman’s virtue, or more specifically the loss of innocence outside of wedlock, is an extremely controversial and scandalous act that mars the woman’s identity in society for the rest of her life. This is possibility of losing face within the society holds the woman back from giving herself to the speaker, and thus sparking this twenty-seven line poetic argument to persuade her into his bed. This stanza starts off with the sudden death of the flea, which the speaker sees it as a â€Å"[c]ruel and sudden†¦[act that has]/Purpled [her] nail in blood of innocence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Donne lines 19-20). This, to the speaker, is death of innocence. He sees it as cruel and the spilling of innocent blood as blasphemous. The death of the â€Å"innocent† flea could be an allusion to the death of Jesus Christ, however the speaker is incredibly vague and thus it is impossible to say so conclusively. The speaker continues the innocence metaphor in tandem with the conceit of the flea, as heShow MoreRelatedthatcher4803 Words   |  20 Pagesï » ¿1. G. M. Hopkins, â€Å"The Windhover†, â€Å"I wake and feel the fell of dark†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2. William Shakespeare, Sonnets 1-7 3. John Donne, â€Å"Valediction Forbidding Mourning†, â€Å"The Flea†, â€Å"Hymn to God, My God in my Sickness† 4. George Herbert, â€Å"The Collar†, â€Å"The Altar†, â€Å"Love III† 5. Andrew Marvell, â€Å"To his Coy Mistress† 6. T.S. Eliot, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, â€Å"Journey of the Magi† 2. Poems for individual reading: 1. William Shakespeare Sonnet 73 (â€Å"That time of year†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) 2. John Donne, â€Å"Holy

History Of The Department Of Homeland Security Example For Students

History Of The Department Of Homeland Security The Department of Homeland Security is an agency made up of 22 different federal agencies which were combined in an effort to streamline the United States effectiveness in defending our nation. The Department of Homeland Security states its core mission include â€Å"prevent terrorism and enhancing security, secure and manage our borders, enforce and administer our immigration laws, safeguard and secure cyberspace, ensure resilience to disasters† (Department of Homeland Security, 2015). DHS employs over 240,000 employees tasked with various responsibilities and in 2016 has a budget of $41.2 billion. The Department of Homeland Security was created in response to attacks that occurred on the world trade center on September 11 2001. At the time of this writing there have been four secretaries of the department of Homeland Security appointed by two different presidents. The attacks on the world trade center would change the how the United States viewed terrorism and how it organized its domestic defense. The agencies that make up The Department of Homeland Security, individually have an immense amount of responsibilities and they all bring a vast amount of expertise to the DHS. Even though these numerous agencies help make up the DHS the issues of changing structures and combining multiple agencies in a new agency would prove challenging. The DHS is consistently scrutinized by the American people as well as the government of the United States, with different issues occurring within its vast agencies it has created a new challenge for the DHS to face. Listed below is short history as well as an overview of the agencies that make it up the Department of Homeland Security. HISTORY The Department of Homeland Security was originally suggested by the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century in February 23 1999. They wrote in the phase III report â€Å"We therefore recommend the creation of an independent National Homeland Security Agency (NHSA) with responsibility for planning, coordinating, and integrating various U.S. government activities involved in homeland security† (The United States Commission on National Security/21st Century, 2001). While this was suggested in the report, congress would not take any action. The Attacks on the world trade center on September 11 would fast track the need for the sharing information and intelligence across multiple agencies. The first Director of the Office of Homeland Security would be appointed on September 22 2001, just eleven days after the attack on world trade center (Department of Homeland Security, 2015). Tom Ridge would be appointed by President George W. Bush to the position of Director of the Office of Homeland Security. Tom Ridge previously a member of the House of Representatives and Governor of the state of Pennsylvania. Would serve as the Director Homeland Security until 2005. The Department of Homeland Security would begin in after the attacks on the United States. The Office of Homeland Security and the Homeland Security Council would be officially created by President George w. Bush on October 8, 2001 with the issuing of Executive Order 13228 (Federation of american scientists, n.d.). The Department of Homeland security would be made official by the Homeland Security Act of 2002. The bill was passed by congress and signed by President George W. Bush in 2003. AGENCIES There were 22 agencies that made up the Department of Homeland Security, This will give a brief overview of the agencies and what they do. The U.S. Customs Service dating back to the formation of the United States, tasked with collecting tariffs on incoming goods for from foreign countries. Today members of Immigration inspectors, U.S. Customs Service, Agriculture inspectors, and Border Patrol agents make up U.S. Customs and Border Protection (U.S. Customs and Border Protection, n.d.). The Immigration and Naturalization Service established in 1864 as a federal immigration agency. In 1933 the new Immigration and Naturalization Service was made by Executive Order 6166 signed by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt as member of the department of justice (LERNER, 2004). Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) became a part of The Department of Homeland Security in 2003. The Federal Protective Service origins began 1790 with the presidential authorization allowing the appointment of commissioner’s to create federal land for us government use. The commissioners employed six security guards that guarded buildings that would be used a government buildings. The FPS would evolve over time becoming a member of the public building service and guard a large amount of America’s federal interest (House Report 106-676 FEDERAL PROTECTIVE SERVICE REFORM ACT OF 2000 , n.d.). Catcher In The Rye Essay ConclusionNational Infrastructure Protection Center created in 1998 under the Federal Bureau of Investigation. NIPC was made up of multiple agencies responsible for defense agencies included FBI, CIA, NSA, Department of Transportation, Department of Energy, and Department of Defense (Free Encyclopedia of Ecommerce , n.d.). NIPC became the Office of Infrastructure Protection who responsible is to protect national infrastructure. Energy Security and Assurance Program designed to ensure energy protection originally handled by the department of Energy would be dispersed into the Office of Infrastructure Protection (The Department of Homeland Security, 2015). U.S. Coast Guard beginnings date back to the American Revolution was one of the first military organizations in the United States pre dating the formation of the US Navy. The U.S. Coast Guard originally functioned as revenue cutters. The U.S. Revenue Service and the U.S. Life-Saving Service would be joined together in 1915 to create the U.S. Coast guard known today. The US Coast Guard has 11 missions and they are defined as â€Å" Ports, waterways, and coastal security, Drug interdiction, Aids to navigation, Search and rescue, Living marine resources, Marine safety, Defense readiness, Migrant interdiction, Marine environmental protection, Ice operations, Other law enforcement† (United States Coast Guard, 2014). The U.S. Coast Guard can operate under the Department of the Navy upon presidential directive. The US Coast Guard was transferred form the Department of Transportation to the Department of Homeland security in 2003. U.S. Secret Service established in 1865 to stop counterfeiting of currency and then expanded to investigate fraud against the US Government. Under the Department of Treasury they would also become tasked with presidential protection. Today they are responsible for multiple different responsibilities including protection of leaders of different countries as well as those of the United States and investigations in to fraud financially, electronically, and communications (United States Secret Service , n.d.). The US Secret Service was transferred form the Department of Treasury to the Department of Homeland Security in 2003. SECRETARIES. There has been four secretaries of The Department of Homeland security, they are listed below. Tom Ridge: January 24, 2003 – February 1, 2005. Tom Ridge previously a member of congress and a governor of the state of Pennsylvania, was the first person to become the secretary of the DHS by President George W. Bush (The Department of Homeland Security, 2014). Michael Chertoff February 15, 2005 – January 21, 2009 was the second secretary of DHS he previously was a federal judge on the U.S. court of appeals, federal prosecutor, and a United States District attorney for the state of New Jersey. He is accredited in strengthening many of the programs in the DHS. Michael Chertoff was also appointed by President George W. Bush (The Department of Homeland Security, 2014). Janet Napolitano January 20, 2009 – September 6, 2013 was previously governor of the State of Arizona and appointed as the third Secretary of the DHS my President Barak Obama (The Department of Homeland Security, 2013). Jeh Johnson December 23, 2013 – is the fourth secretary of the DHS previously work in National Security, law enforcement and also work as was General Counsel of the Department of the Air Force. Secretary Johnson was appointed to secretary of the DHS by President Barack Obama and is the current secretary (The Department of Homeland Security, 2014). DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TODAY. The DHS has had a lot of hurdles from its creation and still to this day battles with concerns of relevance and budgetary issues. The future will bring with it a lot of changes in how the Department of Homeland security will operate. With Cyber-attacks increasing and the ever present risk of terrorist attacks from foreign and domestic terrorist the DHS will need to keep one step ahead of new emerging threats. FEMA is still living in the shadow of its response to the disaster during hurricane Katrina, it received positive response for its response to hurricane Sandy. The Secret Service faces issues with break-ins to the white house and misconduct scandals, all of which reflects poorly on the DHS. Reports have recently been issued which paint the DHS in a poor light as far as working conditions for employees. No government group or agency has been without its blemishes and the fact the DHS is relatively young it will continue it should be able to improve and meet the demands of securing the nation.

Cultural Competency Vulnerability and Social Justice in India

Question: Discuss about the Cultural Competency Vulnerability and Social Justice. Answer: Introduction Indias large population size makes it third in the list of HIV spread in the world. HIV in India is at 0.3%, which is smaller compared to other middle-income countries, however due to the high population it makes 2.1 million people. Almost 62,000 people have been seen to have died from AIDS illness. A vulnerable population Among key influenced populaces, sex workers and men who engage in sexual relations with same gender have encountered a current decrease in HIV prevalence. Commonness among individuals who infuse drugs was already steady, however has been ascending in late years. Small children of sex workers are also considered a vulnerable population to transmission of HIV. HIV transmissions amongst transgender are increasing posing high danger of transmission related to the disease(1). In 2016, an expected 2.2% of female sex workers in the country was estimated to be coping with HIV, in spite of the fact that this figure differs between states. For instance, one 2013 investigation referred to HIV commonness among sex laborers in Andhra Pradesh at 9.7% , Manipur at 13.1%, Maharashtra at 17.9% and Karnataka at 5.3%. In spite of the fact that sex work is not entirely unlawful in India. This implies specialists can legitimize police threatening vibe and whorehouse assaults. Disgrace and victimization s ex workers limit their entrance to medicinal services(2). Sex workers are one of the high-hazard bunches focused by India's National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) with shared HIV intercessions (when people from scratch influenced populaces give administrations to their companions or connection them to administrations inside medicinal services settings). In 2015, NACO announced achieving 77.4% of sex laborers with HIV counteractive action exercises of this kind. Social and behavioral factors that contribute to inequality among this population In India, individuals from sexual orientation, position, class, and ethnic character encounter basic segregation that effect their wellbeing and access to medicinal services(3). These are the leading social and behavioral factors that contribute to inequality amongst the population. Social Factors: Ladies confront twofold segregation being individuals from particular rank, ethnic or class-based gathering separated from encountering gendered weaknesses. Ladies have low status when contrasted with men in Indian culture. They have little control on the assets and on essential choices identified with their lives. Maternal mortality is relatively high in the country as compared to other developing countries. Lack of access to basic education, healthcare facilities, job opportunity and access to land enhances female vulnerability in India. Major women in rural areas are not allowed to undertake job roles and are discriminated against. Lack of basic healthcare facilities, lack of opportunities coupled with domestic violence often forces these women to fall into traps of agents, who indulge them in sex work. Behavioral Factor: A noteworthy extent of the lower standings and Dalits are as yet reliant on others for their occupation. Dalits does not allude to a position but rather suggestsa aggregate wh are in a condition of mistreatment, social inability and who are vulnerable and poor. In a station overwhelmed nation like India, Dalits who involves more than one-6th of the Indian populace, remain as a group whose human rights have been seriously damaged. Lack of opportunities and class distinction is prevalent in the country, where various classes are not allowed to perform tasks with higher payouts. This often makes vulnerable classes to take up sex work for earning opportunities. Auxiliary oppression these gatherings happens as physical, mental, enthusiastic and social mishandle which gets authenticity from the social framework and the social structure. Physical isolation of their settlements is regular in the towns compelling them to live in the most unhygienic and inhabitable conditions. Every one of these elements influence their wellbeing status, access to human services, and nature of wellbeing administration got. There are high rates of lack of healthy sustenance announced among the minimized gatherings bringing about mortality, grimness and pallor. Access to use of medicinal services in minimized gatherings is impacted by their financial status inside the general public. Theories/frameworks that are relevant to this topic Theories that leads to inequalities are Conflict theory, functional and feminists theory. Conflict Theory: In the first theory its states that reasons for inequality is competition for scarce resources with groups gaining power to shape public policy(4). This group of people creates social inequality. Functionalists Theory: Functionalist theory states that certain roles in the society must be maintained as Dalits in India. High rewards can often lead to falsification of jobs. Hence higher skills are needed for higher reward systems. Feminists Theory: Liberal feminism theory sates that discriminatory policies forces women to be inferior social class that prevents their full participation in the society. Critiques various approaches of action or inaction towards addressing these inequalities Conflict and functional theory approaches inaction towards addressing these inequalities. Whereas feminists theory approaches inaction towards addressing these inequalities. References Panchanadeswaran S, Johnson SC, Sivaram S, Srikrishnan AK, Latkin C, Bentley ME, Solomon S, Go VF, Celentano D. Intimate partner violence is as important as client violence in increasing street-based female sex workers vulnerability to HIV in India. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2008 Apr 1;19(2):106-12.Chakrapani V, Kershaw T, Shunmugam M, Newman PA, Cornman DH, Dubrow R. Prevalence of and barriers to dual-contraceptive methods use among married men and women living with HIV in India. Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology. 2011;2011.Chhabra R, Springer C, Rapkin B, Merchant Y. Differences among male/female adolescents participating in a School-based Teenage Education Program (STEP) focusing on HIV prevention in India. Ethnicity disease. 2008;18(2 Suppl 2):S2-123.Steward WT, Herek GM, Ramakrishna J, Bharat S, Chandy S, Wrubel J, Ekstrand ML. HIV-related stigma: adapting a theoretical framework for use in India. Social science medicine. 2008 Oct 1;67(8):1225-35

Strife Roberts Monologue Essay Example For Students

Strife Roberts Monologue Essay A monologue from the play by John Galsworthy NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Strife and Other Plays. John Galsworthy. Arlington: Black Box Press, 2008. ROBERTS: You don\t want to hear me, then? You\ll listen to Rous and to that old man, but not to me. You\ll listen to Sim Harness of the Union that\s treated you so fair; maybe you\ll listen to those men from London? Ah! You groan! What for? You love their feet on your necks, don\t you? You\d like to break my jaw, John Bulgin. Let me speak, then do your smashing, if it gives you pleasure. Am I a liar, a coward, a traitor? If only I were, ye\d listen to me, I\m sure. Is there a man of you here that has less to gain by striking? Is there a man of you that had more to lose? Is there a man of you that has given up eight hundred pounds since this trouble here began? We will write a custom essay on Strife Roberts Monologue specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Come now, is there? How much has Thomas given up—ten pounds or five, or what? You listened to him, and what had he to say? None can pretend, he said, that I\m not a believer in principle— —but when Nature says: \No further, \t es going agenst Nature.\' I tell you if a man cannot say to Nature: Budge me from this if ye can!— his principles are but his belly. Oh, but, Thomas says, a man can be pure and honest, just and merciful, and take off his hat to Nature! I tell you Nature\s neither pure nor honest, just nor merciful. You chaps that live over the hill, an\ go home dead beat in the dark on a snowy night—don\t ye fight your way every inch of it? Do ye go lyin\ down an\ trustin\ to the tender mercies of this merciful Nature? Try it and you\ll soon know with what ye\ve got to deal. \T es only by that— —in Nature\s face that a man can be a man. Give in, says Thomas, go down on your knees; throw up your foolish fight, an\ perhaps, he s aid, perhaps your enemy will chuck you down a crust.

UNIX Kernel--Process Management essays

UNIX KernelProcess Management essays The UNIX system kernel is the master organizer of UNIX. The kernel schedules processes, allocates memory and disk storage, supervises the transmissions of data between the main storage and the peripheral devices, and honors the processes' requests for service. The traditional UNIX system kernel addresses three major tasks: process management; device management; and file management. These three areas remain central, but dramatic advances in hardware and software have expanded the role of the kernel. Today's kernels usually provide these additional services: virtual memory, networking, and network file systems. Additional kernel features that exist in some versions of UNIX, but that are not universally available include multiprocessor support and lightweight process support. This paper will focus on process management. This includes starting processes, scheduling processes, swapping processes to disk, allocating resources such as memory and honoring processes' requests for service. A process is a program that is being executed. For a given program, there may be any number of processes running at a particular time. When we speak of a process, we are talking about something that is active, something that is executing. The term process generally refers to activities that are cataloged in the UNIX system kernel's process table. The process is the fundamental unit of organization in the UNIX system. The kernel stores vital information for processes in two places: the process table and the user table. There is a single process table for the entire system. It contains one entry for each process. If you try to start a process when the table is full, the kernel refuses. The process table is referenced during all of the life stages of processes. Creating a process involves initializing an entry in the process table, initializing a user table and loading the actual text and data for the process. When a process changes its state or receive...

Corporations and aspects of Labour Law Coursework

Corporations and aspects of Labour Law - Coursework Example The principles of fairness, transparency and accountability need to be incorporated in corporate governance for a sustainable development. The role of the government in providing the framework helps in establishing the benchmark or threshold for the companies to follow the best practices is very important because, it influences policy making in the corporate world and instill competition among the companies in the positive direction by reorienting their strategies to become good corporate citizens for a sustainable development in the long run. The paper seeks to study and analyse the impact of compliance with labour laws by the companies on corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR), and the need for active regulatory intervention in tune with the environmental changes for economic development. Introduction Industrial peace in one of the important criteria for the development of the economy in a country, and the government through its policies provide the framewor k and regulate the industrial relations within the country. It is a prerequisite for the success of a business undertaking (or a not-for-profit organization or government department), because, the employees are the important stakeholders in an organization and their active cooperation is essential for the overall success of the CSR policies of the company and profitability. ‘Reflexive critique’ is one of the six key principles in action research: â€Å"An account of the situation through documentation such as notes, transcripts or official documents, in order to make implicit claims to be authoritative, i.e., it implies that it is factual and true.  However, it must be noted that truth in a social setting, however, is relative to the teller.  Ã‚  The principle of reflective critique ensures people reflect on issues and processes and make explicit the interpretations, biases, assumptions and concerns upon which judgments are made.  Ã‚  In this way, practical accou nts can give rise to theoretical considerations†. (O’Brien, 1998) In this paper, corporate governance and the corporate social responsibilities shouldered by the companies such as economic, legal, ethical and discretionary, in respect of labour relations and compliance with the labour laws have been analysed from this perspective. Liberalization and globalization of the economies and the consequent developments such as Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) in a large scale to the developing countries, the question of proper treatment of the employees with respect and dignity in these countries has also emerged in the backdrop of discrimination, child labour, poor wages and working conditions, in the recent years. Good corporate citizen (2007) states â€Å"Corporate citizenship recognizes that businesses have a responsibility to respect the individuals, the community and the environment in a way that when devising or implementing any rightful business strategy they will ab ide by laws and regulations, and adhere to high ethical standards†, and the role of employees is very important in this regard. This paper focuses mainly on employees as stakeholders, and seeks to answer the question ‘Does compliance with labour laws improve Corporate Governance and CSR?’ thereby improving the labour relations. It is also important to note that success